B2B data
Everything downstream inherits the quality of this step, and almost nobody budgets for it properly. Three jobs live here and they are not interchangeable. Deciding which companies to approach, which is a question about your market and not about software. Turning a name into an email address and a working mobile number. And getting a search out of LinkedIn as a clean file. Buy the wrong one for the job and you will pay twice without the invoice ever telling you. The numbers that matter are not the headline prices. At our volume an email costs under one cent and a mobile around twelve cents, which is the level where an agency stops rationing enrichment and starts enriching everything. Verification is a tenth of a credit, the cheapest insurance in the entire stack. And the expensive mistake here is overlap rather than price: one of our runs returned 23,089 rows for 15,363 distinct people, so a third of that spend bought nothing at all, because a duplicate is billed the moment it is returned and deduplication afterwards refunds none of it. Count the audience before you pay to collect it, order your searches from narrowest to widest, and check the hit rate on your own market rather than the vendor's. Coverage that is excellent in the United States and thin in Europe is a good product and a bad choice, if you sell in Europe.
Count the market before you pay to collect it
Deciding which companies to approach is a question about your market, and the software only writes the answer down. Two shapes exist. You describe the market with filters, industry, headcount, country, technology, and you get back what your theory predicted. Or you hand over the accounts that already bought and ask what resembles them, which needs a seed of real customers and is worth nothing without one. Where the second one stops working is published in targeting by resemblance instead of by criteria.
The expensive mistake at this step is not the subscription. On one of our runs, four searches returned 23,089 rows that resolved to 15,363 distinct people. A third of that spend bought nothing, because the searches were ordered by how they came to mind instead of from narrowest to widest, and a duplicate is billed the moment it comes back. Deduplicating afterwards refunds none of it.
Counting is usually free and collecting never is, which is the whole method in count before you buy the list. On Airscale a search bills 0.1 credit per row returned whether you keep the row or not, and the total field of that paginated response comes back as zero, so the free count is the only number you can plan against.
Before signing anything, test the coverage on twenty companies you know intimately and count what comes back right. A database that is excellent in the United States and thin in Europe is a good product and a bad choice, if you sell in Europe. The tools we pay for at this step are on B2B data and targeting.
All B2B data toolsOrder the providers cheapest first, and verify before you send
A name and a company go in, an email address and a mobile number come out. What that costs depends on three things, and the headline rate is none of them.
Billing shape decides the most. Prospeo charges ten credits for a mobile and one for the email that arrives with it, billed only when something is found, which their own pricing FAQ states in writing. A provider that bills per row queried charges you for every miss, and on European mobile data the misses are the majority of the file.
Then the hit rate on your own market, which no vendor page can answer for you. Our waterfall on 8,948 French decision-makers in August 2026 returned 1,798 mobiles. Twenty percent, and that is the whole waterfall rather than any single provider. Anyone promising materially more than that on European decision-makers is selling you a number and not a contact.
Then the order you call them in. Cheapest first, stop at the first hit, and let the expensive one meet only the rows nobody else could find. Backwards, the same data costs around forty percent more and the invoice never tells you why.
Verification sits under all of it and gets skipped because it looks like a rounding error. On Icypeas it is a tenth of a credit, ten times less than the number people assume, and that gap is the difference between verifying the whole file and verifying only what looked doubtful. Two years of running one in production are in what a mobile really costs, and the side by side is on Email and phone enrichment.
All Email & phone toolsSlice a large search yourself, or buy the same people twice
Extraction is the dullest step of the three and it sets the ceiling on everything after it. A search has to become a clean file. Three things go wrong, and it is always the same three.
Volume. Above a couple of thousand profiles a search will not come out in one piece, so someone slices it by hand, and hand-slicing is how overlap gets created without anyone seeing it.
Overlap, again, because it is the same money as the step above. Two searches that feel different to a human return the same people to a database. Ours cost a third of a run, and the ordering that prevents it is in scraping a market without paying twice.
Field hygiene, which sounds cosmetic right up to the moment it is not. An emoji inside a first name, a job title glued to a surname: both survive the extraction, travel through the enrichment untouched, and land in the opening line of an email in front of a prospect. Vayne strips them on the way out, and its free plan gives 200 leads a month, which is enough to see whether the output matches what you actually need before paying for it.
Judge a tool here on what it does without being asked. Split a large query on its own. Recognise profiles you already pulled. Clean the fields. Tell you the count before the run starts. Prices go by volume of profiles per month and the ladder usually opens around thirty dollars. What we use is on LinkedIn scraping and extraction.
All LinkedIn scraping toolsNone of the three steps above is where the interesting work is, and together they are where most of the money goes. They are listed in the order we run them: size the market, enrich what survives, extract cleanly. Every figure here came off our own accounts with the month it was measured, and every vendor price carries the day we read the page.
The categories in here
What I wrote about them
10 pieces
- Clay alternatives: what I moved to, and the one number that decided it
I ran Clay, then took it off this site. Here is the published pricing of both, the part nobody compares honestly, and what a contact actually costs me now.
- Prospeo review: what a mobile really costs, and what the directories got wrong
Eleven credits for a mobile and the email that comes with it. Here is the published price, the part of it that contradicts itself, and what two years in a production waterfall look like.
- Airscale review: what an email and a mobile really cost us, and the two settings that decide it
A waterfall you do not have to assemble and credits that do not expire, run at under a cent an email. Two settings decide whether you pay that or a third more, and both are ours to get right.
- When filters run out: targeting by resemblance instead of by criteria
Every prospecting database asks you to describe your market. The description is a guess. Here is the alternative, and where it stops working.
- Count before you buy: the free step nobody takes before paying for a list
Counting an audience is free at several providers. Almost nobody does it, and it is where most of the money is lost in prospecting.
- Scraping a market twice: the overlap that eats a third of a data budget
Two searches that look different can return the same people. You pay for both. Here is how that happens and how to stop it.
- Waterfall enrichment, explained by what it costs: which provider calls first, and why the order is the whole game
Every enrichment tool now says waterfall. The word describes an order of operations, and getting that order wrong is the most expensive mistake in prospecting data.
- What a B2B data provider costs per contact, and how to calculate it
The price list tells you what a credit costs. Here is the calculation that tells you what a found email or mobile number costs, run on real numbers.
- Empresas base de datos: build the list, don't buy it
A working method for building a Spanish B2B company database with Airscale, from segmenting to exporting without paying for rows you will never call.
- Prospeo vs Icypeas: the mobile or the verification
Two providers of the same shape, and they are not in competition. One finds the mobile, the other decides what reaches the sequencer.